Yielding, unloading, and reverse loading
Uniform gauge response · deformation ×25 · drag to rotate
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Stress
Elastic strain
Plastic strain
Stress–strain history Blue: selected model · grey: other models
Current yield interval Uniaxial stress axis
Isotropic hardening expands the interval. Kinematic hardening moves its centre. This is the uniaxial analogue of a yield surface, not a full three-dimensional stress plot.